Market Value Added
Market Value Added (MVA) is an economic metric that measures the difference between the market value of a company and the capital contributed by investors (both bondholders and shareholders). In other words, it’s the sum of capital from all sources that is invested in a company subtracted from the company’s market value.
MVA is a measure of the value that management has created above the amount of capital invested in the company. A positive MVA indicates that value has been created for shareholders and bondholders, while a negative MVA suggests that value has been destroyed.
The formula to calculate Market Value Added (MVA) is:
MVA = Market Value of the Firm – Invested Capital
where:
- Market Value of the Firm is the sum of the market value of equity (i.e., market capitalization) and the market value of debt.
- Invested Capital is the sum of equity capital and debt capital contributed by investors.
It’s important to note that while MVA is a useful measure of the value a company has created or destroyed, it’s not perfect. It depends on the market’s valuation of the company’s equity and debt, which can be influenced by factors outside the company’s control and can sometimes be irrational or short-sighted. Thus, it should be used in conjunction with other performance measures.
Example of Market Value Added
Let’s consider a fictional example of a company called BikeCo.
Assume that BikeCo has a market capitalization (total equity value) of $1 billion. The market value of its debt is $500 million. This makes the total market value of BikeCo $1.5 billion.
Let’s also say that the total capital invested in BikeCo by shareholders (equity) is $800 million, and the total capital invested by bondholders (debt) is $400 million. This makes the total capital invested in BikeCo $1.2 billion.
To calculate the market value Added (MVA) of BikeCo, we subtract the total capital invested from the total market value:
MVA = Market Value of the Firm – Invested Capital
MVA = $1.5 billion – $1.2 billion = $300 million
A positive MVA of $300 million indicates that BikeCo’s management has been successful in creating additional value beyond the capital that has been invested into the company. It suggests that the operations and investments of BikeCo have led to wealth creation for its investors.
Remember, the MVA can change as the market values of equity and debt fluctuate. Also, it’s a broad measure that doesn’t give specifics about how or where the value was created, so it’s often used alongside other measures of company performance.